Testing FastAPI with TestClient and Overrides
Test FastAPI routes through their HTTP contract and replace external dependencies with guaranteed cleanup.
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12 articles on this pagePython aiohttp: Build an Async HTTP Client
Reuse connections with ClientSession, configure deadlines, and bound concurrency when consuming APIs.
Python Pillow: Resize and Optimize Images Safely
Create proportional thumbnails, normalize color modes, and treat image uploads as untrusted input.
Python Jinja: Safe and Reusable Templates
Configure Jinja with automatic escaping, predictable loading, and templates focused on presentation.
Python classmethod vs staticmethod: When to Use Each
Choose between self, cls, and module helpers without turning classes into containers for unrelated utilities.
Python Generics with TypeVar and Generic
Preserve relationships between inputs and outputs with type variables and bounds that match the actual contract.
Python ABC: Abstract Base Classes and Contracts
Define required operations with ABC and choose deliberately between nominal inheritance, Protocol, and composition.
Python bisect: Search and Insert in Sorted Lists
Find insertion points with binary search and keep modest lists ordered without sorting the entire sequence again.
Python unittest.mock: Patch Without Brittle Tests
Replace dependencies where they are looked up, preserve signatures with autospec, and assert behavior that matters.
Python tracemalloc: Diagnose Memory Usage
Compare allocation snapshots and identify lines responsible for Python heap growth with reproducible measurements.
Python Hatch: Environments, Scripts, and Builds
Centralize environments and tasks in pyproject.toml while keeping development, build, and publishing responsibilities clear.
Python Nox: Automate Tests and Quality Checks
Centralize quality commands in isolated Python sessions and reuse the same workflow locally and in continuous integration.